The Water Framework Directive of December 2000 which commits the countries of the European Union with a goal of regaining the quality of the water and the aquatic environments by 2015, supposes a better protection of these environments against any[...]
The flooding, caused by a more or less rapid water level increase, either total or partial on site, has various origins: intense and prolonged rainfall, flooding of watercourses, clogging of the sewerage network, dam or dike rupture, rising of groundwater...[...]
Objectively, crisis have two main origins : one of a technical nature, linked to the presence of dangerous products, and the other social, linked to the incomprehension of the risks involved. The difference of perception of the risk involved analysis[...]
Pollution of the ground or of the atmosphere, contamination of food resources are some consequences of the immediate or delayed effects of a toxic or polluting substance release to the environment. The technical management of this situations and the resulting[...]
Some industrial processes use retention basins to contain large quantities of sludge or effluents: residues of concentration or transformation of ores, TiO2 manufacture, phosphogypses, fine coal washing ... The combination of volume and nature of the substances retained, their toxic[...]
Repair, maintenance shutdown, adjustment of phase, often require the shutdown and restart of gas-powered installations. This procedure is frequently time consuming to implement, depending on the type of equipment considered (superheater, steam generator), and it can generate accidents. The following[...]
In France, the three-quarters of the total tonnage of dangerous goods transported would be by road, 15% by rail and 3% by inland waterway, with pipeline transport accounting for a very small share. In 2009, 13.8 million tons of dangerous[...]
Although the practice of technical feedback seems complex and costly, its contribution to the safety of installations is inestimable: it helps to identify and prevent accidental contexts that could not be detected otherwise. Learning lessons from the past is also[...]
Risk management stakeholders' attention is naturally focused on the identification and reduction of hazard potentials, as well as on technical and organizational measures to reduce the likelihood of accidents. Whatever the effectiveness of the latter, the risk management approach can[...]
Production constraints and technological developments have favored the breakthrough of automated production systems in the industry since the early 1980s. Sometimes these modern systems still coexist with older manual devices which are maintained to allow operation in degraded mode(maintenance, shutdown,[...]
